Several computer programmes have been developed to facilitate the consideration of human factors in the design process. Many models consider multiple aspects of human behaviour, but nearly all are concerned primarily with people movement through a building and the effects of fire on people during an evacuation.

The following list attempts to summarise all of the models currently known to exist for simulating human behaviour and evacuation. Links are provided to sources of information about these programmes where available. (The abbreviation for the country of origin appears in parentheses following the model name.)

NOTE: The inclusion of links to private companies or organisations in this page does not represent or imply an endorsement of the goods or services supplied by these companies or organisations. Likewise, the use of models for simulating human response to fire situations is neither required nor endorsed by the Fire Service for any particular application. Use of the models listed below should be undertaken only by individuals experienced in the use of fire modelling applications or after thorough study of the uses and limitations of the particular

AEA EGRESS: No information immediately available.

ALLSAFE (NO): No information immediately available.

CRISP (UK) Computation of Risk Indices by Simulation Procedures: CRISP is the Fire Research Station's risk assessment model developed to take into account the complete model of the fire system including the fire itself, the generation of smoke and toxic products and their movement throughout the building together with the interaction with the building occupants. A probabilistic Monte-Carlo approach to simulation enables the average effect of a large number of possible scenarios to be computed.

EESCAPE (AT): No information immediately available.

EGRESSPRO (AU): An evacuation model based on the theory in the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering by Predtechenskii and Milinskii, Fruin, and Pauls; incorporates detection time simulation and indication of pre-movement times for different occupancies; integrates population density table and provides printed report.

ELVAC (US) Elevator Evacuation: ELVAC is an interactive computer programme developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory that estimates the time required to evacuate people from a building with the use of elevators and stairs.

EVACNET4 (US): EVACNET4 is a user-friendly interactive computer programme developed by Kisko, Francis, et al. at the University of Florida, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering to model building evacuations. The programme accepts a network description of a building and information on its initial contents at the beginning of the evacuation. From this information, EVACNET4 produces results that describe an optimal evacuation of the building. Each evacuation is optimal in the sense that it minimises the time to evacuate the building.

EVACS (JP): No information immediately available.

EXIT89 (US) High-Rise Evacuation Model: EXIT89 was designed to model the evacuation of a large building while tracking the travel paths of each individual occupant. In combination with a fire and smoke movement model, EXIT89 can be used to predict the effects of fire spread on evacuation.

EXODUS (UK): Developed by the Fire Safety Engineering Group at the University of Greenwich, EXODUS comprises a suite of software packages, tailored to the building and aircraft environments. It has been developed to meet the challenging demands of performance based safety codes.

FIERAsystem (CA): Developed by the Fire Risk Management Programme of the National Research Council (Canada) (NRCC) in co-operation with the Canadian Department of National Defence. Using calculations based on the research of the Institute for Research in Construction and other fire research centres, FIERAsystem, like its NRCC-companion FiRECAM™, simulates fire growth and spread, smoke movement, occupant response and evacuation, and fire department response and effectiveness.

FIREWIND (AU): FireWind is a computer software package of 18 programs covering different aspects of fire technology and fire protection science developed by Dr Victor Shestopal of Fire Engineering and Computing (Australia). It includes one-room and two-rooms zone models which take into account various ventilation conditions, sprinkler activation calculations combined with a zone model, model of evacuation from a multi-room and multi-storey building, heat radiation calculations and more.

HAZARD I (US): HAZARD I involves an interdisciplinary consideration of physics, chemistry, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, biology, toxicology, and human behaviour. As an implementation of the hazard assessment method, the HAZARD I software consists of a collection of data, procedures, and computer programs which are used to simulate the important time-dependent phenomena involved in residential fires. Incorporates movement (EXITT) and tenability (TENAB) sub-models to evaluate the evacuation process of a user-specified set of occupants and the impact of the exposure of these occupants to the predicted room environments as they encounter predicted room environments. The programme accounts for delays in notification, decision making, behavioural interactions, and the inherent capabilities of occupants. Outputs are projected in terms of the expected fatalities, and the time, location, and cause of each.

SIMULEX (UK): Developed by Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) of Glasgow, Scotland with assistance from the fire technology programme of the Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP). SIMULEX is a software package which models occupant evacuation from any building structure. The user is able to view real-time playback of people overtaking, side-stepping, shuffling and queuing during the evacuation. Different floors and staircases can all be viewed simultaneously, for an in-depth analysis of the total building evacuation.

STEPS (UK): Simulation of Transient Evacuation and Pedestrian Movements. A building evacuation/occupant egress model developed by Mott MacDonald Ltd., UK.