This Southland-based research was designed to improve fire safety outcomes for rural communities whose vulnerability to fire is increased by their low population density and physical remoteness, coupled with recent social and economic changes. The research was based on three case studies: Otautau, Otatara, and the rural area adjacent to the Awarua Wetlands. The research sought new ways for the New Zealand Fire Service and Rural Fire Authorities to engage with these communities to raise their awareness of fire risk and encourage them to take responsibility for reducing risk for households, community amenities and the environment. The research, which drew on the principles of action research, showed the importance of face-to-face contact over any written or visual materials and communities’ acceptance of risk as a basis for further engagement activities. Activities need to target the specific needs of communities and individuals; focus on relationship-building; work with grassroots community networks; foster community relationships; and empower communities to take ownership of fire-preparedness. Fire safety agencies also need to build community trust; take account of changes in rural communities; take advantage of existing community networks and events; and ensure that they have appropriate resourcing, for initiating and maintaining engagement activities with target communities. Research outputs include (i) a review of a range of community engagement processes trialled in selected Southland rural communities; (ii) three case study reports; and (iii) a toolbox for building resilience, through engaging with rural communities about fire safety.